Kikfics

Define monomer. Give some examples.

Define polymer. Give some examples.

What happens in a condensation reaction?

What happens in a hydrolysis reaction?

Name the 3 hexose monosaccharides.

Name the type of bond formed when monosaccharides react.

Describe the structure and functions of glycogen.

Describe the structure and functions of cellulose.

Describe the Benedict’s test for reducing sugars.

Describe the Benedict’s test for non-reducing sugars.

Describe the test for starch.

Outline how colorimetry could be used to give qualitative results for the presence of sugars and starch.

Describe how to test for lipids in a sample

Relate the structure of triglycerides to their functions.

Describe the structure and function of phospholipids.

Compare phospholipids and triglycerides

Are phospholipids and triglycerides polymers?

Why is water a polar molecule?

State 4 biologically important properties of water

Explain why water is significant to living organisms

What are inorganic ions and where are they found in the body?

Explain the role of hydrogen ions in the body.

Explain the role of iron ions in the body.

Explain the role of sodium ions in the body

Explain the role of phosphate ions in the body.

Describe how to test for proteins in a sample.

How many amino acids are there and how do they differ from one another?

How many levels of protein structure are there?

Define ‘primary structure’ of a protein.

Define ‘secondary structure’ of a protein

Describe the 2 types of secondary protein structure.

Define ‘tertiary structure’ of a protein. Name the bonds present

Describe each type of bond in the tertiary structure of proteins

Define ‘quaternary structure’ of a protein.

Describe the structure and function of globular proteins.

Describe the structure and function of fibrous proteins

Outline how chromatography could be used to identify the amino acids in a mixture

What are enzymes?

Explain the induced fit model of enzyme action.

How have models of enzyme action changed?

Name 5 factors that affect the rate of enzyme-controlled reactions.

Outline how to calculate rate of reaction from a graph.

Outline how to calculate rate of reaction from raw data.

Why is it advantageous to calculate initial rate?

Name the pentose sugars in DNA & RNA.

State the role of DNA in living cells.

State the role of RNA in living cells.

How do polynucleotides form?

Describe the structure of DNA.

Which bases are purine and which are pyrimidine?

Name the complementary base pairs in DNA

Name the complementary base pairs in RNA

Relate the structure of DNA to its functions.

Describe the structure of messenger RNA (mRNA).

Relate the structure of messenger RNA (mRNA) to its functions

Describe the structure of transfer RNA (tRNA).

Order DNA, mRNA and tRNA according to increasing length.

Why did scientists initially doubt that DNA carried the genetic code?

Why is DNA replication described as ‘semiconservative’?

Outline the process of semiconservative DNA replication.

Describe the Meselson-Stahl experiment.

Explain the role of ATP in cells

How is ATP resynthesised in cells?

Explain why ATP is suitable as the ‘energy currency’ of cells.

Draw the structure of 𝛼-glucose.

How do triglycerides form?

Contrast phospholipids and triglycerides.

What is the general structure of an amino acid?

How do dipeptides and polypeptides form?

Draw the structure of a nucleotide

Explain how the Meselson-Stahl experiment validated semiconservative replication

Describe the structure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

AL-Biology