Kikfics

Which letter is used to represent the atomic number of an atom?

What does the atomic number tell us about an element?

What letter represents mass number?

How is the mass number calculated

Define relative atomic mass

What is are isotopes of an element?

How many orbitals and electrons do these shells contain?

Does 3d or 4s have a higher energy?

What is an orbital?

What would be the relationship between 2 electrons in the same orbital in terms of their spin?

Explain why chromium does not fit the trend for electronic configuration

Explain why copper does not for the trend for electronic configuration.

When would you use the different types of ionisation in a mass spec?

Describe how a time of flight mass spectrometer works

Define first ionisation energy

What is ionic bonding?

Give an example of an ionically bonded substance

How high are ionically bonded substances’ bp and mp? Why?

What is ionic bonding?

Give an example of an ionically bonded substance

How high are ionically bonded substances’ bp and mp? Why?

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity? Why?

What is simple molecular covalent bonding?

Are there any lone electrons in simple covalent bonding?

What is ionic bonding?

Give an example of an ionically bonded substance

How high are ionically bonded substances’ bp and mp? Why?

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity? Why?

What is simple molecular covalent bonding?

Are there any lone electrons in simple covalent bonding?

Can simple molecular covalent molecules conduct electricity? why?

Do simple molecular substances have a high/low mpt and bpt? why?

Describe macromolecular covalent bonding

Do substances with macromolecular covalent bonds have high/low mpt and bpts? why?

Do substances with macromolecular covalent bonds conduct electricity?

Do metallic compounds have high/low bpt and mpts? why?

Do metallic compounds conduct electricity? why?

How does the strength of metallic bonds change across the periodic table? Why?

Define electronegativity

What affects electronegativity? (3)

What is the most electronegative element?

How do you get a nonpolar bond?

When do you get a polar bond?

What is the strongest type of inter-molecular force?

What is the weakest type of inter-molecular force?

Describe van der Waals’ forces of attraction

Are Van der Waals forces stronger in smaller or larger molecules?

Describe permanent dipole-dipole attraction

What conditions are needed for hydrogen bonding to occur?

Why is ice less dense than liquid water?

What is a dative/co-ordinate covalent bond? When is it formed?

What does the shape of molecules depend on?

What does the Electron Pair Repulsion Theory state?

Which experience the most repulsion?

What energy change is breaking bonds associated with?

What energy change is making bonds associated with?

What are some uses of thermochemistry?

What is an endothermic reaction?

What is an exothermic reaction?

If a reversible reaction is endothermic one way, what type of reaction is the other way?

Give 2 examples of exothermic reactions

Give an example of an endothermic reaction

Define enthalpy change; what symbol is used to represent it?

What are the standard conditions?

What does “in standard state” mean?

Define standard enthalpy of formation

Give an example of an equation which represents standard enthalpy of formation

Define standard enthalpy of combustion

Give an example of an equation which represents standard enthalpy of combustion

What is the difference between heat and temperature?

What is a flame calorimeter; how does it differ to a simple calorimeter?

How would you measure the enthalpy change for a reaction occurring in (aq)?

What can you use to make experimental determination of enthalpy change of reaction more accurate?

What is Hess’s Law?

What is the enthalpy of an element?

Define bond dissociation enthalpy

Define mean bond enthalpy.

Why may experimental methods for enthalpy determination not be very accurate?

Why will using bond enthalpies not be as accurate as using standard enthalpy of combustion/formation?

What must particles do in order to react?

Do most collisions result in a reaction?

Define Activation Energy

What is the effect of increasing temperature on rate of reaction? why?

What is the effect of increasing concentration/pressure on rate of reaction? why?

What is a catalyst?

How do catalysts work and how do they increase the rate of reaction?

Define the term dynamic equilibrium.

Give an essential condition for an equilibrium mixture.

State Le Chatelier’s principle.

What effect does a catalyst have on the position of equilibrium?

What condition affects the value of K c ?

What type of system is Kc relevant for?

What does K c being greater of lesser than 1 suggest for the position of equilibrium?

What effect does decreasing the temperature in an endothermic reaction have on K c ?

What effect does increasing the temperature in an endothermic reaction have on K c ?

What effect does decreasing the temperature in an exothermic reaction have on K c ?

What effect does increasing the temperature in an exothermic reaction have on K c ?

What is oxidation?

What is reduction?

What is an oxidising agent?

What is a reducing agent?

What are the half equations and the ionic equation for: SnO + Zn → ZnO + Sn

Define oxidation state.

What is the oxidation state of oxygen in OF2 ?

What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in KH ?

What is the oxidation state of chlorine in NaClO ?

Define the term disproportionation?

What is the oxidation state of phosphorus in PCl5 ?

What is the oxidation state of nitrogen in ammonia?

What happens in a redox reaction.

What is the symbol for amount of substance?

What is the unit used to measure amount of substance?

What does the Avogadro constant represent?

How to calculate the mass of 1 mole of the element?

How to calculate moles when mass and molar mass are given?

State Avogadro’s law

How much volume does a gas occupy, at room temperature and pressure?

Define molar gas volume

Why do different gas particles occupy the same volume?

How to calculate moles when gas volume is given?

What are the ideal ways in which gases behave?

1 atmospheric pressure is equal to how many pascal?

0℃ is equal to how many kelvin?

What does concentration of a solution mean?

How do you calculate moles when concentration and volume are given?

What is a standard solution?

Write down the steps to prepare a standard solution

What does the terms concentrated and dilute mean?

What is a species in a chemical reaction?

What are the four common state symbols?

What does percentage yield mean?

What are the reasons for not obtaining 100% yield?

How is percentage yield calculated?

What does atom economy tell us about?

How is atom economy calculated?

Does 100% yield mean 100% atom economy?

Which type of reaction has 100% atom economy?

AL-Chemistry